Electrical equipment and their effective use

At the moment, almost every person wants to learn how to save electricity in everyday life.Energy saving in everyday life is considerable in a popular way, as it does not require special investments but you can save significantly

Electricity tariffs are steadily increasing.That is why many people try to limit their costs.There is now a large amount of special information that will help match the basic rules of energy consumption culture.If you are interested, then you can read about reactive power compensation.

Savings in public lighting

Usually, to solve such a problem, you need to set the motion sensors.They will help to include lighting only in the required period.If such devices are covered at the entrance, then you should remember that your home will be able to save a considerable amount of funds.If necessary, you can also spare your funds significantly.To perform this process, you need to install a semiconductor diode on a wire break.

Now the diode will need to be placed in the circuit breaker.The diode will perform a certain amount of electricity through itself.The tension will decrease significantly, and accordingly you may be able to save your funds significantly.

Electricity saving when using home appliances

Electricity in everyday life accounts for 9-10% of all the necessary energy.And, although when using home electrical engineering, energy conservation options (compared to heat and hot water) are limited, but according to the bills you paid, you see that this type of energy is about roads.When buying home electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare different models and manufacturers.

In a family with 4 people 1/5 of electricity, it will take care of things and clothes.Using modern technology and a change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity

Saving energy in the kitchen

If you are planning to use an electric boiler, then it is not necessary to fill it to the end.Water should be poured into such quantities that is enough for a certain period.This should be done so that the boiler does not use extra electricity.If you are planning to use an electric stove, then you should remember that to save an important tool, you need to choose the dishes that will completely correspond to the size of the tile.If you are interested, then you can also read about energy saving thermostats.

The main guidelines of energy conservation in everyday life

Depending on the climatic conditions, type and size of housing, heating systems, gas availability, specific measures aimed at saving resources can vary.But the main directions of increasing energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Heat saving.Insulation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacing windows and doors with new -plastic metals or sealing of old cracks and holes, sealing.Installation behind the aluminum foil heating battery or heat reflection screen.Replacing cast iron radiators with bimetallic or aluminum.Loggia and balcony polishing.All measures in the complex will help increase room temperature by 4-5 degrees without increasing the cost of the Engir currency.
• Saving water.Installation of measuring device consumed water.Replacing rotary cranes in mixers with lever switches.Checking and repairing the drainage tank in the toilet, installing a two -skin tank.Rarely do a bath, use one more shower.Do not light the water with a full flow unnecessarily.When shaving and brushing your teeth, close the crane.Use the dishwasher and washing machine with their relatively complete loading.In general, it is possible to reduce the flow of water by 3-4 times.
• Gas saving.With individual gas heating, all measures aimed at holding heat and hot water automatically lead to gas savings.When cooking, it is rational to use modern steel dishes with a smooth finish.All dishes must be clean and equal, correspond to the size of the combustion.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that the hot air does not come out.The prospect of lowering the cost is 2-3 times.

Energy saving lighting equipment

Usually, apartments that have long corridors use constantly burning lighting.To start saving, you need to use incandescent bulbs for energy saving.These bulbs have a long guarantee and therefore you can definitely save considerable funds.If you plan to choose high quality bulbs, then you should choose a good manufacturer.

Also, if you are planning to save significant funds, then you should only use light paper.Try not to neglect the natural light in your home.

Energy consumption in everyday life - where can I save?

Of all the energy consumption in everyday life, the lion's share - 79% goes to heating the premises, 15% of energy is spent on heat processes (water heating, cooking, etc.), 5% of energy consumes household appliances and 1% energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television equipment.

What is 1 kW energy?

Will need 1 kW of energy in order to:

• 50 hours to listen to radio;
• Shave 110 hours with an electric forehead;
• For 17 hours, leave a light burning 60 watts;
• 12 hours watch a color TV;
• 2 hours vacuum;
• Take a 5-minute shower;
• Heat to 6 degrees a full bath of water (150 l).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity has served for nearly two centuries for nearly two centuries, and from year to year its role in the life of a modern person has grown continuously.We can also boldly say that currently electricity has penetrated almost all the most important spheres of the life of modern society.

Wide use of electricity is, first of all, with a simple relative mechanism to turn it into other types of energy.With the help of a variety of types of heating equipment, a person manages to receive thermal energy for cooking or for heating of the premises.In lighting equipment, electricity is converted into light, and with the help of an electric motor we easily convert the electricity energy into mechanical energy.

But in spite of this, it is necessary to remembered that after the obvious harmlessness and simplicity of electricity, an important threat to human life and health can be hidden.When using different mechanisms for converting electricity, it should not be forgotten for a minute regarding compliance with precautions and safe working methods in electrical circuits and home appliances included in these circuits.

It is significantly complicated that the electric current is not possible to see or be heard either.We can detect the presence of electric current in the conductor only with the help of measuring equipment specially designed for these purposes.

Therefore, the first state for the correct use of electricity of the electric current should be mandatory compliance with the primary rules and techniques for safe work with it.Studying the causes of electricity in everyday life shows that these causes are not in a great variety and do not change for decades.

The main causes of electricity in everyday life are:

• violation of the elementary rules and methods of working with electricity;
• operation of wrong home appliances;
• careless treatment of wiring in the personal plot;
• Attempts to independently repair electrical equipment and wiring by persons who do not have the necessary skills and qualifications.

It is necessary to remember some of the most general rules whose respect will allow you to protect yourself from all kinds of problems that often arise during the operation of home appliances:

1. Very often, the cause of the electric shock is to destroy the wiring insulation (or electroznuars) in the accessible locations to touch them.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically perform an external inspection of the wiring and check the insulation resistance of its wires, and if the insulation violation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits must be protected from short circuits and overloads using automatic switches or smooth inserts installed on the respective lines (on home or apartment distribution shields).The current installations of these devices must be calibrated so that the protection equipment is induced in currents that exceed the set values.
3. The operation of the electrical networks of the apartments is only possible with fully installation elements of the wiring (sockets, distribution boxes, switches, etc.).
4. Network cords of home electrical equipment at the damage or demolition of the conductive cores can be heated, which is often the cause of the fire of wires.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the service of the wires and forks of the network cord.
5. Before repairing the failed electrical device, it is necessary to turn off this electrical device from the grid.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and efficiently eliminate malfunction.
6. It is necessary to monitor the presence of protective earthing of all metal parts and wiring flats very carefully.The protective ground will reliably protect you from the electric shock in the event of a violation of the wiring insulation and when the grid voltage appears in the case of the electrical device.

Chronology of practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, the theory of electricity begins the history of practical application of electricity.In 1809, the Englishman Delaru was building the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten thread.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, like a carriage wheel from the boat slopes.

65 years passed by July 11, 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin did not patented the first incandescent lamp in a vacuum container.In general, in this decade of the 19th century, the lamps were invented as "hot pie".

This is the didrichson lamp (the improved Lodygin lamp), and the yablochkov candles (the first bulb in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with a platinum thread of incandescence in 1879. By the way, Edison was the first to be invented (patented) a switch.

But platinum strands could not have much use behind Lonyg in 1890 in 1890 of the incandescent yarn from the refractory materials: Molibden and Tungsten.Tungsten's strands still shine most of humanity.

Industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905. Industrial production was made possible under patent no.34541 Both Hungarians: Sandora Eustor and Frano Hanaman in 1904.

Practical use of electricity applies not only to lighting houses and roads.AC transformers are created, electric motors are created, first operating from direct current, then asynchronous alternating current engines.

But the basis of the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electricity with electric stations.The first power station was an electric generator of transformative power of a steam machine in electricity.

At first, electric generators provided electricity for separate factories, the worker.In 1880, first city power plants began to be built.The first power station was built in 1882 in New York under the leadership of the same Edison.

Savings with the help of a reasonable reasoning can be a considerable amount of money.Let's dwell on some simple but effective methods of conservation of energy in everyday life.

Heat

Insulation of window blocks and doors allows you to raise the temperature in apartments and houses by 4-5 ° C and abandon the electrical heater, which consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ hour during the season.There are some simple ways of isolation:

• Flakes of cracks in window frames and doors.For this, growing foams are used, the sealing strips of self -flow, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc. are used.The result is an increase in room air temperature by 1-2 degrees;
• Signing the window nartex and doors with the help of different self -adhesive seals and gaskets.The window seal is performed not only around the perimeter but also between the frames.The result is an increase in room temperature by 1-3 degrees;
• Installing new plastic or wooden windows with multi -flavored double windows, film glass and ventilators that reflect heat.Then the room temperature will be durable in winter and summer, the air - fresh, the need to periodically open the window will disappear, casting a large volume of warm air.The result is an increase in room temperature by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in road noise levels;
• Installing the second door at the entrance of the apartment (house).The result is an increase in room temperature by 1-2 degrees, a decrease in the level of external noise and gas content;
• Installing a screen that reflects heat (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heat radiator.The result is an increase in room temperature by 1 degree.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture - the heat will be distributed more efficiently in the room.Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40-50% higher.If radiators are installed taking into account the appropriate removal, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also helps increase heat transfer.Balcony or Loggia is equivalent to the installation of an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate temperature of 10 ° C higher than in the road, in severe frost.It is not uncommon when there is a problem not with a lack of heat, but with its surplus.The solution will be to install the thermostat on radiators.

Electricity savings

Replace the usual incandescent lamps with LEDs.Their service life is 20 times more than incandescent bulbs, consumption is 8 times lower.During the operation, Drita pays itself 8-10 times.Use local bulbs when there is no need for general lighting.Get a rule, leaving the room, extinguish the light.Disconnect devices that are on alert for a long time.TV, computer, musical centers in standby mode consume energy from 3 to 10 W ∙ H.During the year, this device, including remaining charges on the base, will provide additional energy consumption of 200-300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique at least A. Additional power consumption for home appliances of outdated structures is approximately 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator near a gas stove or a heat radiator.This increases the energy consumption by refrigerating by 20-30%.The refrigerator seal should be clean and strongly suitable for the body and door.Even a small gap in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.Cold on room temperature products before placement in the refrigerator.Remember to freeze the fridge more often

Do not close the refrigerator radiator, leave the gap between the wall of the room and the back wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure its burners do not deform and tightly adjacent to the bottom of the glowing dishes.This will eliminate excessive heat and electricity consumption.

Do not light the stove in advance and turn off somewhat earlier than it is necessary to prepare the dish.Simmer in an electric boiler as much water as you should use.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduce the lighting costs by 10-15%.

Write the readings of electricity meters and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer the computer to sleep mode if there is no need for its continuous operation.With a continuous round -work, the computer consumes 70-120 kW ∙ h per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more efficient to use a laptop or a computer with reduced power consumption.In general, it is quite possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50% without reducing the quality of life and damage to habits.

course

Make sure you install water meters.This will motivate to reduce water flow.Install lever switches on faucets instead of rotating cranes.Water saving will be 10-15% plus ease in choosing temperature.Do not light the water for complete pressure.In 90% of cases, a small aircraft is sufficient enough, water consumption decreases by 4-5 times.When washing and showering, turn off the water when not necessary.Shower requires 10-20 times less water to accept the bathroom.Significant water saving occurs when using two threshold drainage tanks.It is necessary to carefully check the presence of water flow from the drainage tank, which occurs due to old accessories.Replacing accessories is not a very expensive event, but water savings are important.Through a thin stream of leaks, you can lose a few cubic meters of water per month.In general, a decrease in water consumption is 4 times - the task is quite accomplished and low.

saving

Gas saving is mostly important if gas meters are installed in apartments, there are individual heat spots.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water lead to gas savings.When you cook, there are also opportunities to save gas:

• The combustion flame should not go beyond the bottom of the pan, the pan, the boiler, otherwise simply heat the air in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The deformed bottom of the dishes leads to an excess gas of up to 50%;
• The dishes in which the food is prepared should be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes requires 4-6 times more gas for cooking;
• Use economical dishes, these qualities are usually indicated by its manufacturer.The most energy -energy products are made of stainless steel with a smooth finish, especially with a layer of copper or aluminum.Aluminum, enamel, with teflon clothing are noneconomic;
• The oven door should fit tightly into the body of the plate and not release hot air.In general, the economic use of gas is simply a decrease in consumption by 2 times, the use of proposed measures - about 3 times.

The energy efficiency for modern society is an axiom.Economic use of heat, electricity, water, gas allows you to reduce its costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

cONcluSiON

Relatively not long, but rapid development of practical use of electricity is undoubtedly the greatest achievement of humanity.But no matter what the magnificent power plants work in our country, all where there is far away.For the consumer, the main one and the family is the electrician of his apartment and home.How to make electric wiring in an apartment and a home, which electric networks are used for home needs, how to produce electrical appliances, how to repair an electrician with your own hands.